Elevator Installation

Elevator Installation

An elevator is a stage, either open or enclosed, utilized for lifting individuals or cargo to upper floors inside a building. Elevators are a standard piece of any tall commercial or residential building.

Control systems on early elevators required human operators to regulate the speed of the lift and descent, to stop the elevator at each floor, and to open and close the doors. In the 1950s automatic pushbutton control systems replaced manual controls. In the 1970s electromechanical controls were gradually replaced with solid-state electronic controls.

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residential elevators

Elevators themselves are simple devices, and the basic lifting systems have not changed much in over 50 years. The control systems, however, have changed substantially to improve safety and speed of operation. Elevators are designed for a specific building, taking into account such factors as the height of the building, the number of people travelling to each floor, and the expected periods of high usage.

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Following are the steps for installing an elevator in a building,

The elevator cars are built at the elevator manufacturer's plant using standard metal cutting, welding, and forming techniques. If the cars will be exposed to the weather during building construction, the interior trim may be installed after the building is finished.
The rest of the elevator is assembled on the building site. The building design integrates the elevator shaft from the beginning, and the shaft grows as the building is erected. The walls of the shaft are poured concrete, and the shaft straightness and other dimensions are carefully monitored as each floor goes up

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Guide rails, switch ramps, service ladders, and similar support equipment are bolted into the shaft after the shaft walls are complete, but before the shaft is roofed.
While the shaft is still open at the top, a crane raises the counterweight to the top of the building and lowers it into the shaft along its rails.
The crane then lifts the elevator car and inserts it partly into the shaft. The guide wheels connect the car to the guide rails, and the car is carefully lowered to the bottom of the shaft.
The shaft is then roofed over, leaving a machine room above the shaft. The hoist motor, governor, controller, and other equipment are mounted in this room, with the motor located directly over the elevator car pulley.
The elevator and governor cables are strung and attached, the electrical connections completed, and the controller programmed.

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